• J M Howell, R Burrow, C Dumontier, and A Hillyard.
• Wilford Hall USAF Medical Center, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas.
• Ann Emerg Med. 1989 Sep 1;18(9):943-6.

AbstractCervical spine immobilization is necessary during the prehospital care of most trauma patients. Earlier studies performed in controlled, indoor settings suggested short board technique (SBT) was the standard against which other methods of cervical stabilization should be measured. Our study approximated the prehospital setting by comparing the use of tape, SBT, and Philadelphia collar (PC) with tape, the Kendrick Extrication Device (KED), and PC after immobilization in and extrication from a compact car. Seven men were immobilized with KED and SBT in addition to PCs and tape. These subjects were extricated and then taken by ambulance stretcher across a 50-yd length of concrete to the radiology suite. Flexion, extension, lateral bending, and rotation were measured. KED-PC (16 degrees +/- 8 degrees) was statistically superior to SBT-PC (41 degrees +/- 5 degrees) in limiting rotation (P less than .001). KED-PC and SBT-PC were similar in their abilities to limit extension (8 degrees +/- 4 degrees vs 6 degrees +/- 5 degrees), flexion (4 degrees +/- 2 degrees vs 4 degrees +/- 4 degrees), and lateral bending (13 degrees +/- 5 degrees vs 17 degrees +/- 6 degrees). In an approximation of the prehospital setting, tape, a PC, and either KED or SBT substantially limit extension, flexion, and lateral bending of the normal cervical spine. KED-PC is more beneficial in rotation.

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