• Roberto Gazzeri, Claudio Fiore, and Marcelo Galarza.
• Department of Neurosurgery, San Giovanni Addolorata Hospital, Rome, Italy.
• Surg Technol Int. 2015 May 1;26:364-9.

AbstractA variety of techniques have been used to stop venous bleeding from the cranial and spinal epidural space. These generally consist of packing with oxidized regenerated cellulose, fibrillar collagen, and so forth, and in cranial surgery, tack-up sutures. Bipolar coagulation may also be used to control bleeding from spinal venous plexus, but it may bear the risk of healthy nervous tissue injury: dissipation of heat from the tips of the bipolar forceps may induce thermal injury to adjacent neural structures. Quick and safe hemostasis reduces the duration of surgery. Efficient control of bleeding is also a prerequisite for the realization of the planned therapeutic procedure, that is, the result of surgery, and can thereby reduce perioperative morbidity. Fibrin sealant is safely used to increase hemostasis and to treat cerebrospinal leakage. Between January 2014 and March 2015, the authors used injection of fibrin sealant (EVICEL®, Johnson & Johnson Wound Management, Somerville, NJ) into the cranial and spinal epidural space to assist in hemostasis in 97 patients. EVICEL injection was used in 81 cases of cranial surgery and 16 cases of spinal surgery. When the venous bleeding continued from the epidural space after packing with classical hemostatic agents, fibrin sealant was used to stop venous bleeding. When arterial bleeding was present, fibrin sealant was not used. In all cases, the results were judged to be excellent with stoppage of epidural bleeding, or good with mild persistent oozing. During the 10-minute observation period, no patients treated with EVICEL required additional hemostatic measures. No complications related to the fibrin glue were encountered.

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