• Timothy P Hanrahan, Georgina Harlow, James Hutchinson, Joel M Dulhunty, Jeffrey Lipman, Tony Whitehouse, and Jason A Roberts.
• 1Burns Trauma and Critical Care Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. 2Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. 3Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
• Crit. Care Med.. 2014 Dec 1;42(12):2527-36.

ObjectivesTo evaluate the influence of vancomycin dose, serum trough concentration, and dosing strategy on the evolution of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients.DesignRetrospective, single-center, observational study.SettingUniversity Hospital ICU, Birmingham, UK.PatientsAll critically ill patients receiving vancomycin from December 1, 2004, to August 31, 2009.InterventionNone.Measurements And Main ResultsThe prevalence of new onset nephrotoxicity was reported using Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End-stage renal disease criteria, and independent factors predictive of nephrotoxicity were identified using logistic regression analysis. Complete data were available for 1,430 patients. Concomitant vasoactive therapy (odds ratio = 1.633; p < 0.001), median serum vancomycin (odds ratio = 1.112; p < 0.001), and duration of therapy (odds ratio = 1.041; p ≤ 0.001) were significant positive predictors of nephrotoxicity. Intermittent infusion was associated with a significantly greater risk of nephrotoxicity than continuous infusion (odds ratio = 8.204; p ≤ 0.001).ConclusionsIn a large dataset, higher serum vancomycin concentrations and greater duration of therapy are independently associated with increased odds of nephrotoxicity. Furthermore, continuous infusion is associated with a decreased likelihood of nephrotoxicity compared with intermittent infusion. This large dataset supports the use of continuous infusion of vancomycin in critically ill patients.

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