• Sleep · Sep 2011

    Randomized Controlled Trial

    Continuous positive airway pressure: evaluation of a novel therapy for patients with acute ischemic stroke.

    • Dawn M Bravata, John Concato, Terri Fried, Noshene Ranjbar, Tanesh Sadarangani, Vincent McClain, Frederick Struve, Lawrence Zygmunt, Herbert J Knight, Albert Lo, George B Richerson, Mark Gorman, Linda S Williams, Lawrence M Brass, Joseph Agostini, Vahid Mohsenin, Francoise Roux, and H Klar Yaggi.
    • Center of Excellence on Implementing Evidence-Based Practice, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. dbravata@iupui.edu
    • Sleep. 2011 Sep 1;34(9):1271-7.

    BackgroundNew approaches are needed to treat patients with stroke. Among acute ischemic stroke patients, our primary objectives were to describe the prevalence of sleep apnea and demonstrate the feasibility of providing auto-titrating continuous positive airway pressure (auto-CPAP). A secondary objective was to examine the effect of auto-CPAP on stroke severity.MethodsStroke patients randomized to the intervention group received 2 nights of auto-CPAP, but only those with evidence of sleep apnea received auto-CPAP for the remainder of the 30-day period. Intervention patients received polysomnography 30 days post-stroke. Control patients received polysomnography at baseline and after 30 days. Acceptable auto-CPAP adherence was defined as ≥ 4 h/night for ≥ 75% nights. Change in stroke severity was assessed comparing the NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at baseline versus at 30 days.ResultsThe 2 groups (intervention N = 31, control N = 24) had similar baseline stroke severity (both median NIHSS, 3.0). Among patients with complete polysomnography data, the majority had sleep apnea: baseline, 13/15 (86.7%) control patients; 30 days, 24/35 (68.6%) control and intervention patients. Intervention patients had greater improvements in NIHSS (-3.0) than control patients (-1.0); P = 0.03. Among patients with sleep apnea, greater improvement was observed with increasing auto-CPAP use: -1.0 for control patients not using auto-CPAP; -2.5 for intervention patients with some auto-CPAP use; and -3.0 for intervention patients with acceptable auto-CPAP adherence.ConclusionsThe majority of acute stroke patients had sleep apnea. Auto-CPAP was well tolerated, appears to improve neurological recovery from stroke, and may represent a new therapeutic approach for selected patients with acute cerebral infarction.

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