• Nader S Metwalli, Michael Benatar, Govind Nair, Sharon Usher, Xiaoping Hu, and John D Carew.
• The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
• Brain Res. 2010 Aug 12;1348:156-64.

ObjectiveTo investigate changes in the diffusion tensor imaging measures, axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity, in addition to the more commonly used fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity, in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) using the voxel-based statistical analysis tool, tract based spatial statistics.MethodsWe studied 12 patients with ALS and 19 normal controls using diffusion tensor imaging; tract based spatial statistics was applied to study changes in fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity values in brain white matter tracts. ALS patients were evaluated using clinical examination, administration of the revised ALS functional rating scale and measurement of the forced vital capacity.ResultsIn ALS patients, we found significant increases in axial diffusivity, radial diffusivity, and mean diffusivity and significant decreases in fractional anisotropy. Increases in axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity were more widespread and more prominent in the corticospinal tract than the decreases in fractional anisotropy. The decreases in fractional anisotropy were evident only in the corona radiata and genu of the corpus callosum.ConclusionIn ALS, axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity may be useful diffusion tensor imaging-derived indices to consider in addition to fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity to aid in demonstrating neurodegenerative changes.Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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