• Jay S Steingrub, Michael L Cheatham, Brad Woodward, H Tiffany Wang, Mark B Effron, and XEUS Investigators.
• Division of Critical Care Medicine, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA 01199, USA. jay.steingrub@baystatehealth.org
• J Crit Care. 2010 Dec 1;25(4):660.e9-16.

BackgroundUse of pharmacologic agents in clinical practice may differ from the manner in which they were studied in rigorous randomized clinical trials. This was a prospective, observational, noninterventional study to determine the profile of patients receiving drotrecogin alfa (activated) in clinical practice, provide additional outcome and safety data, and allow for a comparison to patients studied in the phase 3 Protein C Worldwide Evaluation in Severe Sepsis (PROWESS) trial.MethodsA total of 548 adult patients with severe sepsis were enrolled from 61 nonteaching or academically affiliated hospitals in the United States. Patients received drotrecogin alfa (activated) as part of physician-directed therapy for severe sepsis.ResultsThe Xigris Use in the United States (XEUS) patients were younger (58 vs 63 years of age), had more comorbidities, and more sepsis-induced organ dysfunction at baseline compared to high-risk (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score ≥ 25) PROWESS patients who received drotrecogin alfa (activated), (cardiovascular, 85.0% vs 79.7%; hematologic, 22.3% vs 16.4%; and renal, 57.9% vs 50.7%) (all P < .05). The XEUS patients had a higher mortality rate compared to high-risk PROWESS patients receiving drotrecogin alfa (activated) (36.7% vs 30.9%; P = .062) but a similar safety profile (infusion period serious bleeding, 2.7% vs 2.2%; P = .579; 28-day serious bleeding, 3.1% vs 3.9%; P = .520). The rate of intracranial hemorrhage in XEUS was 0.2%.ConclusionsPatients receiving drotrecogin alfa (activated) in clinical practice were more acutely ill, had a higher mortality rate, but a similar safety profile with respect to serious bleeding events compared to the PROWESS trial.Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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