• Neurology · Jan 2014

    Effect of head impacts on diffusivity measures in a cohort of collegiate contact sport athletes.

    • Thomas W McAllister, James C Ford, Laura A Flashman, Arthur Maerlender, Richard M Greenwald, Jonathan G Beckwith, Richard P Bolander, Tor D Tosteson, John H Turco, Rema Raman, and Sonia Jain.
    • From the Departments of Psychiatry (T.W.M., J.C.F., L.A.F., A.M.), Community and Family Medicine (T.D.T.), and Medicine (J.H.T.), Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH; Simbex, LLC (R.M.G., J.G.B., R.P.B.), Lebanon, NH; Thayer School of Engineering (R.M.G.), Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH; and Biostatistics Research Center (R.R., S.J.), Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego.
    • Neurology. 2014 Jan 7;82(1):63-9.

    ObjectiveTo determine whether exposure to repetitive head impacts over a single season affects white matter diffusion measures in collegiate contact sport athletes.MethodsA prospective cohort study at a Division I NCAA athletic program of 80 nonconcussed varsity football and ice hockey players who wore instrumented helmets that recorded the acceleration-time history of the head following impact, and 79 non-contact sport athletes. Assessment occurred preseason and shortly after the season with diffusion tensor imaging and neurocognitive measures.ResultsThere was a significant (p = 0.011) athlete-group difference for mean diffusivity (MD) in the corpus callosum. Postseason fractional anisotropy (FA) differed (p = 0.001) in the amygdala (0.238 vs 0.233). Measures of head impact exposure correlated with white matter diffusivity measures in several brain regions, including the corpus callosum, amygdala, cerebellar white matter, hippocampus, and thalamus. The magnitude of change in corpus callosum MD postseason was associated with poorer performance on a measure of verbal learning and memory.ConclusionThis study suggests a relationship between head impact exposure, white matter diffusion measures, and cognition over the course of a single season, even in the absence of diagnosed concussion, in a cohort of college athletes. Further work is needed to assess whether such effects are short term or persistent.

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