• Safoura Ghadirian, Nasser Vesal, Behzad Maghsoudi, and Seyed H Akhlagh.
• Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
• Vet Anaesth Analg. 2016 Jan 1; 43 (1): 109-16.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the onset time and duration of action of lidocaine, lidocaine-morphine, lidocaine-tramadol or bupivacaine for a neural blockade of the brachial plexus in fat-tailed lambs.Study DesignProspective, randomized, crossover, experimental study.AnimalsSeven healthy female fat-tailed Ghezel lambs weighing 27.0 ± 2.2 kg (mean ± SD).MethodsEach lamb was administered four treatments for brachial plexus block (BPB): lidocaine 2% (5 mg kg(-1)) (LID), lidocaine 2% combined with morphine (0.1 mg kg(-1)) (LIDMO), lidocaine 2% combined with tramadol (1 mg kg(-1)) (LIDTR) or bupivacaine 0.5% (1.25 mg kg(-1)) (BUP), for a total treatment volume of 0.25 mL kg(-1). The brachial plexus was located with a peripheral nerve stimulator, and the treatment volume was injected in increments. Treatments were randomized and separated by at least 7 days. Onset and duration of a sensory block of the distal thoracic limb were evaluated using superficial and deep pin pricks and pinching of the skin with haemostatic forceps.ResultsThe mean duration of sensory block was 100 ± 38 minutes in LID, 103 ± 35 minutes in LIDMO, 79 ± 28 minutes in LIDTR, and 335 ± 134 minutes in BUP. The mean duration of sensory and motor blocks in BUP were significantly longer compared with other treatments (p < 0.05). No clinical signs of local anaesthetic toxicity were noticed, and the rectal temperature did not differ significantly from baseline values in any treatments.Conclusions And Clinical RelevanceThe addition of morphine or tramadol to lidocaine did not affect the duration of antinociception of lidocaine for brachial plexus block in fat-tailed lambs. Administration of bupivacaine provided a prolonged duration of action without obvious adverse effects.© 2015 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and the American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia.

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