• Jose Navarro-Martínez, Carlos Gálvez, María Jesus Rivera-Cogollos, María Galiana-Ivars, Sergio Bolufer, and Francisco Martínez-Adsuar.
• 1 Anesthesiology and Surgical Critical Care Department, 2 Thoracic Surgery Department, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
• Ann Transl Med. 2015 May 1;3(8):111.

AbstractThe management of surgical and medical intraoperative emergencies are included in the group of high acuity (high potential severity of an event and the patient impact) and low opportunity (the frequency in which the team is required to manage the event). This combination places the patient into a situation where medical errors could happen more frequently. Although medical error are ubiquitous and inevitable we should try to establish the necessary knowledge, skills and attitudes needed for effective team performance and to guide the development of a critical event. This strategy would probably reduce the incidence of error and improve decision-making. The way to apply it comes from the application of the management of critical events in the airline industry. Its use in a surgical environment is through the crisis resource management (CRM) principles. The CRM tries to develop all the non-technical skills necessary in a critical situation, but not only that, also includes all the tools needed to prevent them. The purpose of this special issue is to appraise and summarize the design, implementation, and efficacy of simulation-based CRM training programs for a specific surgery such as the non-intubated video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.

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