• Katsuhiro Makino, Jumi Nakata, Satoru Kawachi, Tatsuyuki Hayashi, Atsuo Nakajima, and Munehiro Yokoyama.
• Department of General Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Police Hospital, 4-22-1 Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-8541, Japan. katsuhiromakino@gmail.com.
• J Med Case Rep. 2013 Jan 1;7:280.

IntroductionIntravascular large B-cell lymphoma is a rare aggressive disseminated disease characterized by the presence of lymphoma cells in small vessels without lymphadenopathy. Rituximab, a novel monoclonal antibody against the CD20 B-cell antigen, has been reported to be effective in treating intravascular large B-cell lymphoma. However, adverse events have been reported in association with rituximab infusion.Case PresentationWe report the case of a 54-year-old Japanese man diagnosed with Asian variant intravascular large B-cell lymphoma who died within five hours of the initiation of a first course of chemotherapy including rituximab. Autopsy results suggested that the patient died of severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome. A literature review revealed that rituximab administered during the second course of chemotherapy (instead of during the first course) appears to reduce the incidence of infusion reactions (from 48% to 15%) without altering the frequency of complete remission outcomes.ConclusionsOur data indicate that the incidence of adverse reactions to rituximab can be markedly decreased if the tumor load is first reduced with an initial course of chemotherapy excluding rituximab. Future prospective studies of the timing of rituximab administration are warranted.

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