• Catherine Lombard-Bohas, James C Yao, Timothy Hobday, Eric Van Cutsem, Edward M Wolin, Ashok Panneerselvam, Sotirios Stergiopoulos, Manisha H Shah, Jaume Capdevila, and Rodney Pommier.
• From the *Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; †Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; ‡Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN; §Digestive Oncology, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg/Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; ∥Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; ¶Department of Oncology Biometrics and Data, and #Department of Oncology, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; **Department of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; ††Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; and ‡‡Division of Surgical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR.
• Pancreas. 2015 Mar 1;44(2):181-9.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate efficacy and safety of everolimus in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET) by prior chemotherapy use in the RAD001 in Advanced Neuroendocrine Tumors, Third Trial (RADIANT-3).MethodsPatients with advanced, progressive, low- or intermediate-grade pNET were prospectively stratified by prior chemotherapy use and World Health Organization performance status and were randomly assigned (1:1) to everolimus 10 mg/d (n = 207) or placebo (n = 203).ResultsOf the 410 patients, 204 (50%) were naive to chemotherapy (chemonaive). Baseline characteristics were similar for patients with or without prior chemotherapy. Everolimus significantly prolonged median progression-free survival regardless of prior chemotherapy use (prior chemotherapy: 11.0 vs 3.2 months; hazard ratio, 0.34; 95% confidence interval, 0.25-0.48; P < 0.0001) (chemonaive: 11.4 vs 5.4 months; hazard ratio, 0.42; 95% confidence interval, 0.29-0.60; P < 0.0001). Stable disease was the best overall response in 73% of everolimus-treated patients (151/207). The most common drug-related adverse events included stomatitis (60%-69%), rash (47%-50%), and diarrhea (34%).ConclusionsAs more treatment options become available, it is important to consider the goals of treatment and to identify patients who would potentially benefit from a specific therapy. Findings from this planned subgroup analysis suggest the potential for first-line use of everolimus in patients with advanced pNET.

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