• Ahmed M El-Sharkawy, Opinder Sahota, and Dileep N Lobo.
• A.M. El-Sharkawy and D.N. Lobo are with Gastrointestinal Surgery, National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit, Nottingham University Hospitals and University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK. O. Sahota is with the Department of Elderly Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
• Nutr. Rev. 2015 Sep 1;73 Suppl 2:97-109.

AbstractMaintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance is essential to healthy living as dehydration and fluid overload are associated with morbidity and mortality. This review presents the current evidence for the impact of hydration status on health. The Web of Science, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases were searched using relevant terms. Randomized controlled trials and large cohort studies published during the 20 years preceding February 2014 were selected. Older articles were included if the topic was not covered by more recent work. Studies show an association between hydration status and disease. However, in many cases, there is insufficient or inconsistent evidence to draw firm conclusions. Dehydration has been linked with urological, gastrointestinal, circulatory, and neurological disorders. Fluid overload has been linked with cardiopulmonary disorders, hyponatremia, edema, gastrointestinal dysfunction, and postoperative complications. There is a growing body of evidence that links states of fluid imbalance and disease. However, in some cases, the evidence is largely associative and lacks consistency, and the number of randomized trials is limited.© The Author(s) 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Life Sciences Institute. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

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