• Matthew Monteleone, Alexander Khandji, Joshua Cappell, Wyman W Lai, Katherine Biagas, and Charles Schleien.
• Departments of *Anesthesiology ‡Neurology §Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital of New York Presbyterian, Columbia University Medical Center Departments of †Radiology ∥Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York ¶Department of Pediatrics, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Hofstra School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY.
• J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 2014 Oct 1;26(4):396-8.

AbstractThe Pediatric Anesthesia NeuroDevelopment Assessment (PANDA) study investigates the potential neurotoxicity of anesthetics in the pediatric population. At a recent symposium, a panel of nonsurgical physicians from the disciplines of radiology, neurology, cardiology, and critical care discussed the role anesthesia plays in their respective practices. To execute diagnostic studies and/or therapeutic interventions in each of these disciplines, general anesthesia is oftentimes required for pediatric patients. Given recent publications in the literature suggesting the potential for neurotoxicity following anesthesia in pediatric patients, physicians, parents, and other stakeholders are now challenged to continue to balance safety with efficacy in caring for children. This paper summarizes the panelist presentations and the ensuing discussion at the 2014 PANDA symposium.

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