• J Neurosci Nurs · Aug 2001

    Review Case Reports

    Respiratory failure in the neurological patient: the diagnosis of neurogenic pulmonary edema.

    • A M Pyeron.
    • Merck & Co, Inc.
    • J Neurosci Nurs. 2001 Aug 1;33(4):203-7.

    AbstractNeurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) is a potential complication of a central nervous system (CNS) insult such as intracranial hemorrhage, uncontrolled generalized seizures, head trauma, tumors, and neurosurgical procedures. The proposed etiology is massive sympathetic discharge following a CNS event. The pathogenesis is not completely understood. However, there are two theories on how NPE occurs: the blast theory and the permeability defect theory. There is evidence for both theories, and NPE is probably the result of a combination of the two. The treatment is mainly supportive with the use of mechanical ventilation and alpha-adrenergic blocking agents while managing increased intracranial pressure. A thorough understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms behind the development of NPE aids in the management of these patients to prevent further complications.

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