• Rev Bras Psiquiatr · Oct 2003

    Review

    Update on stress and depression: the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.

    • Andrea de Abreu Feijó de Mello, Marcelo Feijó de Mello, Linda L Carpenter, and Lawrence H Price.
    • Butler Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown Medical School, Rhode Island, USA. amfeijo@uol.com.br
    • Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2003 Oct 1;25(4):231-8.

    AbstractOver the past 50 years, relationships between stress and the neurobiological changes seen in psychiatric disorders have been well-documented. A major focus of investigations in this area has been the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, both as a marker of stress response and as a mediator of additional downstream pathophysiologic changes. This review examines the emerging literature concerning the relationship between stress, HPA axis function, and depression, as well as the role of early life stress as an important risk factor for HPA axis dysregulation. The more recent studies reviewed suggest that the prominence of HPA axis hyperactivity in adults with depressive and anxiety disorders may constitute a link between the occurrence of adversity in childhood and the development of adult psychopathology.

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