• Segolene Mrozek, Matthieu Jabaudon, Samir Jaber, Catherine Paugam-Burtz, Jean-Yves Lefrant, Jean-Jacques Rouby, Karim Asehnoune, Bernard Allaouchiche, Olivier Baldesi, Marc Leone, Qin Lu, Jean-Etienne Bazin, Laurence Roszyk, Vincent Sapin, Emmanuel Futier, Bruno Pereira, Jean-Michel Constantin, and Azurea network.
• Anesthesiology and Critical Care Department, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
• Chest. 2016 Nov 1; 150 (5): 998-1007.

BackgroundDuring ARDS, CT can reveal two distinct lung imaging patterns, focal or nonfocal, with different responses to positive end-expiratory pressure, recruitment maneuvers, and prone position. Nevertheless, their association with plasma biomarkers and their distinct functional/pathobiological mechanisms are unknown. The objective of this study was to characterize focal and nonfocal patterns of lung CT-based imaging with plasma markers of lung injury.MethodsA prospective multicenter cohort study involving 119 consecutive patients with ARDS. Plasma biomarkers (soluble form of the receptor for advanced glycation end product [sRAGE], plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and surfactant protein-D) were measured within 24 h of ARDS onset. Lung CT scan was performed within the first 48 h to assess lung morphology.ResultsThirty-two (27%) and 87 (73%) patients had focal and nonfocal ARDS, respectively. Plasma levels of sRAGE were significantly higher in nonfocal ARDS, compared with focal ARDS. A cut-off of 1,188 pg/mL differentiated focal from nonfocal ARDS with a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 84%. Nonfocal patterns were associated with higher 28- and 90-day mortality than focal patterns (31% vs 12%, P = .038 and 46% vs 21%, P = .026, respectively). Plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were significantly higher in nonfocal ARDS. There was no difference in other biomarkers.ConclusionsPlasma sRAGE is associated with a nonfocal ARDS. Such novel findings may suggest a role for RAGE pathway in an underlying endotype of impaired alveolar fluid clearance and stimulate future research on the association between ARDS phenotypes and therapeutic responses.Copyright © 2016 American College of Chest Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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