• Jeong-Ah Kwon, Jung Eun Lee, Wooseong Huh, Kyong Ran Peck, Yoon-Goo Kim, Dae Joong Kim, and Ha Young Oh.
• Division of Nephrology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, South Korea.
• Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents. 2010 May 1;35(5):473-7.

AbstractColistimethate sodium (CMS) was recently re-introduced into clinical practice as a last resort for the treatment of nosocomial infections caused by multiresistant bacteria. This retrospective cohort study was designed to identify predictors of acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with intravenous (i.v.) CMS treatment. From March 2007 to July 2008, 71 adult patients receiving CMS for > or = 72h were enrolled. AKI was defined using Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss and End-stage kidney disease (RIFLE) criteria according to serum creatinine. The median total dose of CMS was 54.3mg/kg (range 27.5-94.5mg/kg). AKI developed in 38 patients (53.5%). Cox regression analysis based of cumulative CMS dose (mg/kg) identified four independent predictors of AKI: male sex [hazard ratio (HR)=3.55, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.47-8.55]; concomitant use of a calcineurin inhibitor (HR=6.74, 95% CI 2.49-18.24); hypoalbuminaemia (serum albumin level <2.0g/dL) (HR=6.29, 95% CI 2.04-19.39); and hyperbilirubinaemia (total bilirubin level >5mg/dL) (HR=3.53, 95% CI 1.17-10.71). In conclusion, AKI was a common complication of i.v. CMS treatment. Male sex, concomitant use of calcineurin inhibitors, hypoalbuminaemia and hyperbilirubinaemia were independent predictors of AKI. The effect of AKI on patient outcomes was not determined.Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V. and the International Society of Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.

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