• Matthew O Wiens, Charles P Larson, Elias Kumbakumba, Niranjan Kissoon, J Mark Ansermino, Joel Singer, Hubert Wong, Andrew Ndamira, Jerome Kabakyenga, Peter Moschovis, and Julius Kiwanuka.
• 1School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. 2Center for International Child Health, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada. 3Department of Pediatrics, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda. 4Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. 5Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology, BC Children's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. 6Department of Statistics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. 7Canadian HIV Trials Network, St. Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. 8Maternal, Newborn and Child Health Institute, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda. 9Division of Pediatric Global Health and Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
• Pediatr Crit Care Me. 2016 May 1; 17 (5): 400-5.

ObjectivesAcute infectious diseases are the most common cause of under-5 mortality. However, the hospital burden of nonneonatal pediatric sepsis has not previously been described in the resource poor setting. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of sepsis among children 6 months to 5 years old admitted with proven or suspected infection and to evaluate the presence of sepsis as a predictive tool for mortality during admission.DesignIn this prospective cohort study, we used the pediatric International Consensus Conference definition of sepsis to determine the prevalence of sepsis among children admitted to the pediatric ward with a proven or suspected infection. The diagnosis of sepsis, as well as each individual component of the sepsis definition, was evaluated for capturing in-hospital mortality.SettingThe pediatric ward of two hospitals in Mbarara, Uganda.PatientsAdmitted children between 6 months and 5 years with a confirmed or suspected infection.InterventionsNone.Measurements And Main ResultsOne thousand three hundred seven (1,307) subjects with a confirmed or suspected infection were enrolled, and 65 children died (5.0%) during their admission. One thousand one hundred twenty-one (85.9%) met the systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria, and therefore, they were defined as having sepsis. The sepsis criteria captured 61 deaths, demonstrating a sensitivity and a specificity of 95% (95% CI, 90-100%) and 15% (95% CI, 13-17%), respectively. The most discriminatory individual component of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria was the leukocyte count, which alone had a sensitivity of 72% and a specificity of 56% for the identification of mortality in hospital.ConclusionsThis study is among the first to quantify the burden of nonneonatal pediatric sepsis in children with suspected infection, using the international consensus sepsis definition, in a typical resource-constrained setting in Africa. This definition was found to be highly sensitive in identifying those who died but had very low specificity as most children who were admitted with infections had sepsis. The systemic inflammatory response syndrome-based sepsis definition offers little value in identification of children at high risk of in-hospital mortality in this setting.

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