• AACN clinical issues · Nov 2000

    Review

    Nutrition for the critically ill child: enteral and parenteral support.

    • S Y Irving, S D Simone, F W Hicks, and J T Verger.
    • University of Maryland Medical System, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, 22 South Greene Street, Room S5D18, Baltimore, MD 21201-1595, USA.
    • AACN Clin Issues. 2000 Nov 1;11(4):541-58; quiz 637-8.

    AbstractThe requirements of growth and organ development create a challenge in nutrition management for the pediatric patient. The stress of critical illness further complicates the delivery of adequate nutrients. Enteral feeding has several advantages over parenteral nutrition (PN), which include preservation of the gastrointestinal mucosa and decreasing the occurrence of sepsis related to bacterial translocation. Although feeding through the gastrointestinal tract is the preferred route for nutritional management, there are specific instances when PN as adjunctive or sole therapy is necessary to meet nutritional needs. With meticulous attention to fluid, caloric, protein, and fat requirements along with monitoring the metabolic status of the patient, it is possible to provide full nutritional support for the critically ill child within 24 to 48 hours of hospital admission.

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