• Hengameh Ashraf, Majeed Kazem, Omid Dianat, and Fatemeh Noghrehkar.
• Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran.
• J Endod. 2013 Jan 1;39(1):6-10.

IntroductionProfound pulpal anesthesia in posterior mandibular teeth with irreversible pulpitis usually requires administering an inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) plus other supplemental injections. The purpose of this prospective, randomized, double-blind study was to compare the anesthetic success rate of buccal infiltration injections of articaine and lidocaine when supplemented with an IANB.MethodsOne hundred twenty-five emergency patients who had their first or second mandibular molar diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis participated in the study and received the IANB by using either 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine or 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine. One hundred two of the patients reported moderate-to-severe pain upon initiation of their endodontic treatment or through filing of their tooth canals and received supplemental buccal infiltration injections by using the same anesthetic that the IANB had been performed. After the block or the supplemental buccal infiltration injections, success was achieved with no or mild pain during instrumentation of the tooth canals.ResultsThe success rate after the administration of the infiltration injections after an incomplete IANB by using lidocaine was 29%, whereas by using articaine it was 71% (P < .001). No statistical differences were detected in the success rates between the 2 anesthetics after the block injections.ConclusionsSupplementing an incomplete articaine IANB with articaine infiltration raises the anesthetic success more effectively compared with lidocaine in mandibular molars with irreversible pulpitis.Copyright © 2013 American Association of Endodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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