• Chia-Yu Hsu, Chun-Yu Cheng, Yuan-Hsiung Tsai, Jiann-Der Lee, Jen-Tsung Yang, Hsu-Huei Weng, Leng-Chieh Lin, Ying-Chih Huang, Meng Lee, Ming-Hsueh Lee, Chih-Ying Wu, Ya-Hui Lin, Huan-Lin Hsu, Hsin-Ta Yang, Yi-Ting Pan, and Yen-Chu Huang.
• Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 6 West Chia-Pu Road, Putz City, Chiayi County, Taiwan. yenchu.huang@msa.hinet.net.
• Curr Neurovasc Res. 2015 Jan 1;12(3):277-82.

AbstractPerfusion-diffusion mismatch in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) represents the non-core hypoperfused area in acute ischemic stroke. The mismatch has been used to predict clinical response after thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke, but its role for predicting early neurological deterioration (END) in acute ischemic stroke without thrombolysis has not been clarified yet. In this study, we prospectively recruited 54 patients with acute non-lacunar ischemic stroke in anterior circulation without thrombolysis. All patients received the first perfusion MRI within 24 hours from stroke onset. Target mismatch profile was defined as a perfusion-diffusion mismatch ratio ≥ 1.2. END was defined as an increase of ≥ 4 points in the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score within 72 hours. There were 13 (24.1%) patients developing END, which was associated with larger infarct growth (p = 0.002), worse modified Rankin Scale (p = 0.001) and higher mortality rate at 3 months (p = 0.025). Target mismatch profiles measured by T(max) ≥ 4, 5 and 6 seconds were independent predictors for END after correcting initial NIHSS score. Among the 3 T(max) thresholds, target mismatch measured by T(max) ≥ 6 seconds had the highest odd's ratio in predicting END (p < 0.01, odd's ratio = 17), with an 80% sensitivity and a 79.5% specificity. In conclusion, perfusion-diffusion mismatch could identify the patients at high risk of early clinical worsening in acute ischemic stroke without thrombolysis.

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