• Support Care Cancer · Nov 2006

    Review

    The WHO analgesic ladder for cancer pain control, twenty years of use. How much pain relief does one get from using it?

    • Karine Azevedo São Leão Ferreira, Miako Kimura, and Manoel Jacobsen Teixeira.
    • School of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Av Dr Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 419, 05403-0, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. karileao@usp.br
    • Support Care Cancer. 2006 Nov 1;14(11):1086-93.

    IntroductionPain is a major problem in the treatment of patients with cancer. This article reviews studies concerning evaluation of patients with cancer pain treated according to The World Health Organization (WHO) analgesic ladder.Materials And MethodsSystematic search of PUBMED, MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, BDENF, and OVID and a hand search of reference lists and textbooks from 1982 to 2004 were performed.ResultAnalgesia was considered adequate in 45 to 100% of patients analyzed in the studies.ConclusionHowever, the evidence that they provide is insufficient to grant the effectiveness of the WHO guidelines because a controlled clinical trial of this intervention has never been published.

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