• Deborah J Cook, Niall D Ferguson, Lori Hand, Peggy Austin, Qi Zhou, Neill K J Adhikari, Valerie Danesh, Yaseen Arabi, Andrea L Matte, France E Clarke, Sangeeta Mehta, Orla Smith, Matt P Wise, Jan O Friedrich, Sean P Keenan, Steven Hanna, Maureen O Meade, OSCILLation for ARDS Treated Early Investigators, and Canadian Critical Care Trials Group.
• 1Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. 2Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. 3Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. 4Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. 5Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. 6Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. 7Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. 8Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada. 9Department of Critical Care Medicine, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, FL. 10Department of Critical Care, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 11Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. 12Adult Critical Care Department, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom. 13Department of Critical Care, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
• Crit. Care Med.. 2015 Feb 1;43(2):328-38.

ObjectiveEnrollment of individual patients into more than one study has been poorly evaluated. The objective of this study was to describe the characteristics of patients, researchers and centers involved in coenrollment, studies precluding coenrollment, and the prevalence, patterns, predictors, and outcomes of coenrollment in a randomized clinical trial.Design, Setting, MethodsWe conducted an observational study nested within the OSCILLation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Treated Early Trial, which compared high-frequency oscillatory ventilation to conventional ventilation. We collected patient, center, and study data on coenrollment in randomized patients. Multilevel regression examined factors independently associated with coenrollment, considering clustering within centers. We examined the effect of coenrollment on safety and the trial outcome.InterventionsNone.Measurements And Main ResultsOverall, 127 of 548 randomized patients (23.2%) were coenrolled in 25 unique studies. Coenrollment was reported in 17 of 39 centers (43.6%). Patients were most commonly coenrolled in one additional randomized clinical trial (76; 59.8%). Coenrollment was less likely in older patients (odds ratio, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.76-0.997), and in ICUs with greater than 26 beds (odds ratio, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.34-0.94), and more likely by investigators with more than 11 years of experience (odds ratio, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.06-2.82), by research coordinators with more than 8 years of experience (odds ratio, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.11-3.18) and in Canada (odds ratio, 4.66; 95% CI, 1.43-15.15). Serious adverse events were similar between coenrolled high-frequency oscillatory ventilation and control patients. Coenrollment did not modify the treatment effect of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation on hospital mortality.ConclusionsCoenrollment occurred in 23% of patients, commonly in younger patients, in smaller centers with more research infrastructure, and in Canada. Coenrollment did not influence patient safety or trial results.

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