• Ann Gen Psychiatry · Jan 2008

    Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS): validation in a Greek general hospital sample.

    • Ioannis Michopoulos, Athanasios Douzenis, Christina Kalkavoura, Christos Christodoulou, Panayiota Michalopoulou, Georgia Kalemi, Katerina Fineti, Paulos Patapis, Konstantinos Protopapas, and Lefteris Lykouras.
    • Second Department of Psychiatry, Athens University Medical School, Attikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece. imihopou@med.uoa.gr
    • Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2008 Jan 1; 7: 4.

    BackgroundThe Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) has been used in several languages to assess anxiety and depression in general hospital patients with good results.MethodsThe HADS was administered to 521 participants (275 controls and 246 inpatients and outpatients of the Internal Medicine and Surgical Departments in 'Attikon' General Hospital in Athens). The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were used as 'gold standards' for depression and anxiety respectively.ResultsThe HADS presented high internal consistency; Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.884 (0.829 for anxiety and 0.840 for depression) and stability (test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient 0.944). Factor analysis showed a two-factor structure. The HADS showed high concurrent validity; the correlations of the scale and its subscales with the BDI and the STAI were high (0.722 - 0.749).ConclusionThe Greek version of HADS showed good psychometric properties and could serve as a useful tool for clinicians to assess anxiety and depression in general hospital patients.

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