• Martin E Hale, Thomas R Zimmerman, Yuju Ma, and Richard Malamut.
• Assistant Clinical Professor, Nova Southeastern Medical College, Fort Lauderdale, Florida; Medical Director, Gold Coast Research, LLC, Plantation, Florida.
• J Opioid Manag. 2015 Sep 1; 11 (5): 425-34.

ObjectiveTo evaluate long-term safety of hydrocodone extended-release (ER) formulated with CIMA(®) Abuse-Deterrence Technology platform.DesignPhase 3, open-label study.SettingSixty-one US study centers.PatientsPatients with chronic pain newly enrolled or rolled over from a 12-week, placebo-controlled hydrocodone ER study; 330 patients enrolled, 329 patients received study drug, and 189 completed the study.InterventionAfter titrating to an analgesic dose (15-90 mg every 12 hours), patients received ≤ 52 weeks of open-label treatment.Main Outcome MeasuresSafetyadverse events (AEs), vital signs, laboratory values, electrocardiograms, and audiometry. Abuse potential: drug loss and diversion, Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients with Pain-Revised (SOAPP-R), Addiction Behaviors Checklist (ABC), Current Opioid Misuse Measure (COMM) questionnaires, and Patient Global Assessment (PGA) of pain control.ResultsOf 329 patients who received ≥ 1 hydrocodone ER dose, 284 (86 percent) reported ≥ 1 AE and 27 (8 percent) experienced ≥ 1 serious AE. Sixty-two (19 percent) patients withdrew because of AEs, and two AEs leading to death were reported. No serious AEs or AEs leading to death were considered treatment related by the investigator. There were no clinically meaningful trends in other safety assessments. SOAPP-R, ABC, and COMM scores demonstrated low risk of aberrant drug-related behavior. Good/excellent PGA responses were reported by 20 percent of patients at baseline and 75 percent at endpoint. The incidence of drug loss (11 percent) and diversion (2 percent) was low.ConclusionsHydrocodone ER demonstrated acceptable safety when administered for ≤ 12 months in patients with chronic pain. Low occurrence of aberrant drugrelated behavior may support the abuse-deterrence properties of hydrocodone ER.

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