• J. Immunol. · May 2014

    NLRP3 regulates neutrophil functions and contributes to hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury independently of inflammasomes.

    • Yoshiyuki Inoue, Koumei Shirasuna, Hiroaki Kimura, Fumitake Usui, Akira Kawashima, Tadayoshi Karasawa, Kenji Tago, Katsuya Dezaki, Satoshi Nishimura, Junji Sagara, Tetsuo Noda, Yoichiro Iwakura, Hiroko Tsutsui, Shun'ichiro Taniguchi, Ken Yanagisawa, Toshihiko Yada, Yoshikazu Yasuda, and Masafumi Takahashi.
    • Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan;
    • J. Immunol. 2014 May 1; 192 (9): 4342-51.

    AbstractInflammation plays a key role in the pathophysiology of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the mechanism by which hepatic I/R induces inflammatory responses remains unclear. Recent evidence indicates that a sterile inflammatory response triggered by I/R is mediated through a multiple-protein complex called the inflammasome. Therefore, we investigated the role of the inflammasome in hepatic I/R injury and found that hepatic I/R stimuli upregulated the inflammasome-component molecule, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), but not apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC). NLRP3(-/-) mice, but not ASC(-/-) and caspase-1(-/-) mice, had significantly less liver injury after hepatic I/R. NLRP3(-/-) mice showed reduced inflammatory responses, reactive oxygen species production, and apoptosis in I/R liver. Notably, infiltration of neutrophils, but not macrophages, was markedly inhibited in the I/R liver of NLRP3(-/-) mice. Bone marrow transplantation experiments showed that NLRP3 not only in bone marrow-derived cells, but also in non-bone marrow-derived cells contributed to liver injury after I/R. In vitro experiments revealed that keratinocyte-derived chemokine-induced activation of heterotrimeric G proteins was markedly diminished. Furthermore, NLRP3(-/-) neutrophils decreased keratinocyte-derived chemokine-induced concentrations of intracellular calcium elevation, Rac activation, and actin assembly formation, thereby resulting in impaired migration activity. Taken together, NLRP3 regulates chemokine-mediated functions and recruitment of neutrophils, and thereby contributes to hepatic I/R injury independently of inflammasomes. These findings identify a novel role of NLRP3 in the pathophysiology of hepatic I/R injury.

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