• Scott A Lorch, Michael Baiocchi, Jeffrey H Silber, Orit Even-Shoshan, Gabriel J Escobar, and Dylan S Small.
• Department of Pediatrics, Center for Outcomes Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA. lorch@email.chop.edu
• Health Serv Res. 2010 Feb 1; 45 (1): 24-41.

ObjectiveValidate risk-adjusted readmission rates as a measure of inpatient quality of care after accounting for outpatient facilities, using premature infants as a test case.Study SettingSurviving infants born between January 1, 1998 and December 12, 2001 at five Northern California Kaiser Permanente neonatal intensive care units (NICU) with 1-year follow-up at 32 outpatient facilities.Study DesignUsing a retrospective cohort of premature infants (N=898), Poisson's regression models determined the risk-adjusted variation in unplanned readmissions between 0-1 month, 0-3 months, 3-6 months, and 3-12 months after discharge attributable to patient factors, NICUs, and outpatient facilities.Data CollectionProspectively collected maternal and infant hospital data were linked to inpatient, outpatient, and pharmacy databases.Principal ResultsMedical and sociodemographic factors explained the largest amount of variation in risk-adjusted readmission rates. NICU facilities were significantly associated with readmission rates up to 1 year after discharge, but the outpatient facility where patients received outpatient care can explain much of this variation. Characteristics of outpatient facilities, not the NICUs, were associated with variations in readmission rates.ConclusionIgnoring outpatient facilities leads to an overstatement of the effect of NICUs on readmissions and ignores a significant cause of variations in readmissions.

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