• K S Filos and K A Lehmann.
• Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Patras, Greece. filosks@med.upatras.gr
• Eur Surg Res. 1999 Jan 1; 31 (2): 97-107.

AbstractDespite a growing trend in acute pain management, many deficiencies still account for the high incidence of moderate to severe postoperative pain to date. Patients nowadays continue to receive inadequate doses of analgesics, but additionally the identification and treatment of those patients with pain still remains a significant health care problem. Advanced techniques are available including epidural or intrathecal administration of local anaesthetics and opioids, various opioid administration techniques such as patient-controlled analgesia and infusions via sublingual, oral-transmucosal, nasal, intra-articular and rectal routes. Nonopioid analgesics such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and newer nonopioid drugs such as alpha2-adrenergic agonists, calcium channel antagonists and various combinations of the above are possible. However, the solution to the problem of inadequate pain relief lies not so much in the development of new drugs and new techniques, but in the effective strategy of delivering these to patients through the introduction of acute pain management services on surgical wards.

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