• Ann. Intern. Med. · Dec 2004

    Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial

    Brief communication: Sleep curtailment in healthy young men is associated with decreased leptin levels, elevated ghrelin levels, and increased hunger and appetite.

    • Karine Spiegel, Esra Tasali, Plamen Penev, and Eve Van Cauter.
    • University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
    • Ann. Intern. Med. 2004 Dec 7; 141 (11): 846-50.

    BackgroundTotal sleep deprivation in rodents and in humans has been associated with hyperphagia. Over the past 40 years, self-reported sleep duration in the United States has decreased by almost 2 hours.ObjectiveTo determine whether partial sleep curtailment, an increasingly prevalent behavior, alters appetite regulation.DesignRandomized, 2-period, 2-condition crossover clinical study.SettingClinical Research Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.Patients12 healthy men (mean age [+/-SD], 22 +/- 2 years; mean body mass index [+/-SD], 23.6 +/- 2.0 kg/m2).MeasurementsDaytime profiles of plasma leptin and ghrelin levels and subjective ratings of hunger and appetite.Intervention2 days of sleep restriction and 2 days of sleep extension under controlled conditions of caloric intake and physical activity.ResultsSleep restriction was associated with average reductions in the anorexigenic hormone leptin (decrease, 18%; P = 0.04), elevations in the orexigenic factor ghrelin (increase, 28%; P < 0.04), and increased hunger (increase, 24%; P < 0.01) and appetite (increase, 23%; P = 0.01), especially for calorie-dense foods with high carbohydrate content (increase, 33% to 45%; P = 0.02).LimitationsThe study included only 12 young men and did not measure energy expenditure.ConclusionsShort sleep duration in young, healthy men is associated with decreased leptin levels, increased ghrelin levels, and increased hunger and appetite.

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