• G G Giesbrecht and G K Bristow.
• Laboratory for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Health, Leisure and Human Performance Research Institute, Faulty of Physical Education and Recreation Studies, Manitoba, Canada.
• Aviat Space Envir Md. 1998 Jan 1; 69 (1): 17-22.

HypothesisFollowing cold water immersion, the post-cooling decrease in esophageal temperature (Tes) (i.e., afterdrop) is 3 times greater during exercise than during shivering, presumably due to increased muscular blood flow and convective core-to-periphery heat loss with exercise (J. Appl. Physiol. 63:2375, 1987). We felt that if exercise were to commence once the afterdrop period during shivering is complete, the threat of a further decrease in Tes (i.e., a second afterdrop) during the subsequent exercise would be minimized because much of the convective capacity for core cooling would already be dissipated.MethodsSix subjects were each cooled three times in 8 degrees C water, until Tes decreased to 35.3 +/- 0.7 degrees C, and rewarmed by either shivering alone, exercise, or exercise commencing once a shivering afterdrop period was complete.ResultsThe initial afterdrop was greater during Exercise only (1.1 +/- 0.4 degrees C) than Shivering only (0.35 +/- 0.3 degrees C) and Shivering-Exercise (0.45 +/- 0.2 degrees C) (p < 0.05). In contrast, exercise caused a secondary afterdrop of only 0.38 +/- 0.3 degrees C during Shivering-Exercise (p < 0.05). The initial rewarming rate during Exercise only (3.45 degrees C.h-1) was greater than the initial (2.7 degrees C.h-1) and second (2.4 degrees C.h-1) rewarming rates during Shivering-Exercise (p < 0.05), but not significantly greater than during Shivering only (2.99 degrees C.h-1) (p < 0.1).DiscussionIt is likely that during the Shivering-Exercise protocol, continued blood flow to shivering muscles: a) contributes to the initial afterdrop, and thus b) diminishes the convective capacity (or heat sink) available for further cooling during subsequent exercise.

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