• Clin J Pain · Jan 2017

    Characterizations of Temporal Postoperative Pain Signatures with Symbolic Aggregate Approximations.

    • Patrick J Tighe, Paul Nickerson, Roger B Fillingim, and Parisa Rashidi.
    • *Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence (PRICE) †Department of Anesthesiology ‡The J. Crayton Pruitt Family, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida §Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL.
    • Clin J Pain. 2017 Jan 1; 33 (1): 1-11.

    ObjectivesThe primary aim was to characterize the temporal dynamics of postoperative pain intensity using symbolic aggregate approximation (SAX). The secondary aim was to explore the effects of sociodemographic and clinical factors on the SAX representations of postoperative pain intensity.Materials And MethodsWe applied SAX to a large-scale time series database of 226,808 acute postoperative pain intensity ratings. Pain scores were stratified by patient age, sex, type of surgery, home opioid use, and postoperative day (POD), and costratified by age and sex. Cosine similarity, a metric that measures distance using vector angle, was applied to these motif data to compare pain behavior similarities across strata.ResultsAcross age groups, SAX clusters revealed a shift from low-to-low pain score transitions in older patients to high-to-high pain score transitions in younger patients, whereas analyses stratified by sex showed that males had a greater focus of pain score transitions among lower-intensity pain scores compared with females. Surgical stratification, using cardiovascular surgery as a reference, demonstrated that pulmonary surgery had the highest cosine similarity at 0.855. With POD stratification, POD 7 carried the greatest cosine similarity to POD 0 (0.611) after POD 1 (0.765), with POD 3 (0.419) and POD 4 (0.441) carrying the lowest cosine similarities with POD 0.DiscussionSAX offers a feasible and effective framework for characterizing large-scale postoperative pain within the time domain. Stratification of SAX representations demonstrate unique temporal dynamic profiles on the basis of age group, sex, type of surgery, preoperative opioid use, and across PODs 1 to 7.

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