• Olivier Rebet, Olivier Andremont, Jean-Louis Gérard, Jean-Luc Fellahi, Jean-Luc Hanouz, and Marc-Olivier Fischer.
• From the Pôle Réanimations Anesthésie SAMU/SMUR, CHU de Caen, Avenue de la Côte de Nacre (OR, OA, J-LG, J-LH, M-OF); Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, Caen, France (J-LH, M-OF); Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital Cardiologique Louis Pradel, Avenue du Doyen Lepine, (J-LF); and Faculty of Medicine, University of Lyon, Lyon, France (J-LF).
• Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2016 Sep 1; 33 (9): 638-44.

BackgroundAlthough phenylephrine is widely used in the operating room to control arterial pressure, its haemodynamic effects remain controversial.ObjectiveWe hypothesised that the effect of phenylephrine on cardiac output is affected by preload dependency.DesignA prospective observational study.SettingSingle-centre, University Hospital of Caen, France.PatientsFifty ventilated patients undergoing surgery were studied during hypotension before and after administration of phenylephrine.Main Outcome MeasuresCardiac index (CI), stroke volume (SV), corrected flow time, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure variations (PPV) and systemic vascular resistance index were used to assess effects of changes in preload dependency.ResultsTwenty seven (54%) patients were included in the preload-dependent group (PPV ≥ 13%) and 23 (46%) in the preload-independent group (PPV < 13%) before administration of phenylephrine. For the whole cohort, phenylephrine increased mean arterial pressure [58 (±8) mmHg vs. 79 (±13) mmHg; P < 0.0001] and calculated systemic vascular resistance index [2010 (1338; 2481) dyn s cm m vs. 2989 (2155; 3870) dyn s cm m; P < 0.0001]. However, CI and SV decreased in the preload-independent group [2.3 (1.9; 3.7) l min m vs. 1.8 (1.5; 2.7) l min m; P < 0.0001 and 65 (44; 81) ml vs. 56 (39; 66) ml; P < 0.0001 for both] but not in the preload-dependent group [respectively 2.1 (1.8; 3.5) l min m vs. 2.1 (1.8; 3.3) l min m; P = 0.168 and 49 (41; 67) ml vs. 53 (41; 69) ml; P = 0.191]. Corrected flow time increased [294 (47) ms vs. 306 (56) ms; P = 0.031], and PPV decreased [17 (15; 19) % vs.12 (14; 16) %; P < 0.0003] only in the PPV at least 13% group.ConclusionThe effects of phenylephrine on CI and SV depend on preload. CI and SV decreased in preload-independent patients through increase in afterload, but were unchanged in those preload-dependent through increased venous return.

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