• Naoki Otani, Yoshio Takasato, Hiroyuki Masaoka, Takanori Hayakawa, Yoshikazu Yoshino, Hiroshi Yatsushige, Hiroki Miyawaki, Kyoko Sumiyoshi, Takashi Sugawara, Aoyagi Chikashi, Satoru Takeuchi, and Go Suzuki.
• Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization Disaster Medical Center, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan. naotani@tdmc.hosp.go.jp
• Acta Neurochir. Suppl. 2010 Jan 1; 106: 257-60.

AbstractAcute subdural hematoma (ASDH) patients presenting in a severe condition tend to have poor outcomes due to the significant brain edema required to maintain the ICP at less than 20-25 mmHg. This study compared the surgical outcomes of 16 critically ill patients with ASDH who underwent hematoma irrigation with trephination therapy (HITT) based on their initial ICP values. The initial mean GCS score upon admission was four. A unilateral dilated pupil was seen in one and bilateral dilated pupils were seen in seven patients. The co-existence of a brain contusion was seen in seven patients, brain swelling was noted in six patients, and both basal cistern effacement and a midline shift greater than 5 mm were observed in all patients. The mean initial ICP value was 45 mmHg (range: 3 to 85 mmHg). Ten patients (62.5%) underwent a rapid external decompression to evacuate the hematoma. By using the Glasgow Outcome Scale upon discharge a score of good recovery (GR) was assigned to two (12.5 %), moderate disability (MD) to four (25.0 %), vegetative state (VS) to two (12.5 %), and death (D) to eight (50.0 %) patients. All six patients who showed an initial ICP greater than 60 mmHg died despite intensive care. Eight patients who showed an initial ICP less than 40 mmHg had a favorable outcome, but two patients deteriorated due to a traumatic cerebrovascular disorder. It seems that the initial ICP monitoring with HITT for ASDH patients in critical condition may be an important factor for predicting both surgical outcome and clinical course.

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