• Waltraud Pfeilschifter, Ferdinand Bohmann, Peter Baumgarten, Michel Mittelbronn, Josef Pfeilschifter, Edelgard Lindhoff-Last, Helmuth Steinmetz, and Christian Foerch.
• Department of Neurology, Division of Vascular Medicine, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany. w.pfeilschifter@med.uni-frankfurt.de
• Ann. Neurol. 2012 May 1; 71 (5): 624-33.

ObjectiveAnticoagulation with dabigatran etexilate (DE) has a favorable risk-to-benefit profile for the prevention of ischemic events in patients with atrial fibrillation compared to warfarin. Whereas warfarin constitutes a strong contraindication for thrombolysis, it is unclear whether patients anticoagulated with DE can be thrombolysed. We compared the risk of thrombolysis-associated hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after pretreatment with DE or warfarin in a mouse model of ischemic stroke.MethodsThirty-nine C57BL/6 mice were pretreated orally with 75 mg/kg DE, 112.5mg/kg DE, 2mg/kg warfarin, or saline. We performed right middle cerebral artery occlusion for 3 hours, administered recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) directly before reperfusion, and assessed neurological deficit and HT blood volume after 24 hours.ResultsWarfarin anticoagulation increased HT secondary to rt-PA treatment as compared to nonanticoagulated controls (6.9 ± 5.5 μl vs 0.8 ± 0.6 μl, p < 0.05). In contrast, the rate of HT after pretreatment with 75 mg/kg DE, which led to plasma levels comparable to the highest plasma levels observed in participants of the RE-LY trial, did not differ significantly from controls (1.6 ± 0.8; p > 0.05 vs control). However, a high-dose group receiving 112.5mg/kg DE showed a considerable extent of HT (9.2 ± 5.6 μl, p < 0.01).InterpretationOur experimental data suggest that the risk of thrombolysis-associated HT may not be increased under DE pretreatment with standard doses leading to plasma levels of up to 400 ng/ml, a concentration that was not exceeded in the majority of DE trial patients. At higher DE plasma levels, however, the risk of severe HT rises considerably, emphasizing the need for a readily available assay of DE anticoagulant activity.Copyright © 2012 American Neurological Association.

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