• Tumul Chowdhury, David Mendelowith, Eugene Golanov, Toma Spiriev, Belachew Arasho, Nora Sandu, Pooyan Sadr-Eshkevari, Cyrill Meuwly, Bernhard Schaller, and Trigemino-Cardiac Reflex Examination Group.
• *Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Health Sciences Center, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada †Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC ‡Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX §Department of Neurosurgery, Tokuda Hospital Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria ∥Department of Neurology, University of Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ¶Department of Research, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK #Professional Program for International Dentists, University of California Los Angeles, CA **University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
• J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 2015 Apr 1;27(2):136-47.

AbstractThe trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) is defined as the sudden onset of parasympathetic dysrhythmia, sympathetic hypotension, apnea, or gastric hypermotility during stimulation of any of the sensory branches of the trigeminal nerve. Clinically, the TCR has been reported in all the surgical procedures in which a structure innervated by the trigeminal nerve is involved. Although, there is an abundant literature with reports of incidences and risk factors of the TCR; the physiological significance and function of this brainstem reflex has not yet been fully elucidated. In addition, there are complexities within the TCR that requires examination and clarification. There is also a growing need to discuss its cellular mechanism and functional consequences. Therefore, the current review provides an updated examination of the TCR with a particular focus on the mechanisms and diverse nature of the TCR.

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