• Ju-Young Shin, Shin Haeng Lee, Sun Mi Shin, Mi Hee Kim, Sung Geon Park, and Byung-Joo Park.
• Korea Institute of Drug Safety and Risk Management (KIDS), 136 Changgyeonggung-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-750, Republic of Korea.
• Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2015 Apr 1; 71 (3): 565-70.

AbstractAs the sedative use increases due to the effectiveness and relatively safe profile, the abuse potential is also increasing. This study was conducted to examine the usage of four sedative agents in endoscopic examination and to compare the propofol use with the other three sedatives. Using National Health Insurance claims data from 2008 to 2012, we identified the number of cases of conscious sedation during endoscopy using one or more of the following agents: propofol, midazolam, diazepam, and lorazepam. The general characteristics of patients and medical service providers were analyzed, and the regional and annual distributions of frequency of use were compared. We also identified patient cases with excessive number of endoscopic examinations. Among the total of 3,156,231 sedatives users, midazolam was the most commonly used agent (n=2,845,250, 90.1%). However, the largest increase in patient number, which increased from 11,410 in 2008 to 28,170 in 2012, was observed with propofol. While the majority of patients received an annual endoscopy, we identified several suspected abuse cases of patients receiving endoscopies repetitively as many as 114 times in five years. The rise of sedative use in endoscopic examinations and several patient cases of repeated sedative administration suggest a potential risk for abuse. Medical service providers should be cautious when using sedatives and carefully review each patient's medical history prior to the procedure.Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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