• François Tournoux, Bodil Petersen, Hélène Thibault, Lin Zou, Michael J Raher, Baptiste Kurtz, Elkan F Halpern, Miguel Chaput, Wei Chao, Michael H Picard, and Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie.
• Ultrasound Cardiac Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
• J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2011 Apr 1; 24 (4): 465-70.

BackgroundAlthough multiple echocardiographic methods exist to calculate cardiac output (CO), they have not been validated in mice using a reference method.MethodsEchocardiographic and flow probe measurements of CO were obtained in mice before and after albumin infusion and inferior vena cava occlusions. Echocardiography was also performed before and after endotoxin injection. Cardiac output was calculated using left ventricular volumes obtained from an M-mode or a two-dimensional view, left ventricular stroke volume calculated using the pulmonary flow, or estimated by the measurement of pulmonary velocity time integral (VTI).ResultsClose correlations were demonstrated between flow probe-measured CO and all echocardiographic measurements of CO. All echocardiographic-derived CO overestimated the flow probe-measured CO. Two-dimensional image-derived CO was associated with the smallest overestimation of CO. Interobserver variability was lowest for pulmonary VTI-derived CO.ConclusionIn mice, CO calculated from two-dimensional parasternal long-axis images is most accurate when compared with flow probe measurements; however, pulmonary VTI-derived CO is subject to less variability.Copyright © 2011 American Society of Echocardiography. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

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