• Michael C Spaeder, Jason W Custer, Alison H Miles, Lisa Ngo, Nicholas P Morin, Susanna Scafidi, Melania M Bembea, and Xiaoyan Song.
• 1Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC. 2Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD. 3Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD. 4Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, MD. 5Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD. 6Division of Infectious Disease, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC.
• Pediatr Crit Care Me. 2015 Feb 1;16(2):119-23.

ObjectivesTo investigate the impact of human rhino/enteroviruses on morbidity and mortality outcomes in children with severe viral respiratory infection.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingThe ICU, either PICU or cardiac ICU, at three urban academic tertiary-care children's hospitals.PatientsAll patients with laboratory-confirmed human rhino/enteroviruses infection between January 2010 and June 2011.InterventionsWe captured demographic and clinical data and analyzed associated morbidity and mortality outcomes.Measurements And Main ResultsThere were 519 patients included in our analysis. The median patient age was 2.7 years. The median hospital and ICU lengths of stay were 4 days and 2 days, respectively. Thirty-four percent of patients had a history of asthma, and 25% of patients had a chronic medical condition other than asthma. Thirty-two percent of patients required mechanical ventilation. Eleven patients (2.1%) did not survive to hospital discharge. The rate of viral coinfection was 12.5% and was not associated with mortality. Predisposing factors associated with increased mortality included immunocompromised state (p < 0.001), ICU admission severity of illness score (p < 0.001), and bacterial coinfection (p = 0.003).ConclusionsThere is substantial morbidity associated with severe respiratory infection due to human rhino/enteroviruses in children. Mortality was less severe than reported in other respiratory viruses such as influenza and respiratory syncytial virus. The burden of illness from human rhino/enteroviruses in the ICU in terms of resource utilization may be considerable.

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