• Fausto Ferraro, Raffaele Marfella, Marianna Esposito, Jole Petruzzi, Annarita Torino, Anna d'Elia, Mario Santini, and Alfonso Fiorelli.
• Department of Anesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
• J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. 2015 Jan 1;29(3):560-4.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the risk factors of tracheal ring fracture and whether previous tracheal ring flaccidity predisposes to it in consecutive, mechanically ventilated, intensive care unit patients undergoing different percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy procedures (Ciaglia Blue Rhino, PercuTwist, and Ciaglia BlueDolphin).DesignSingle-center retrospective study performed between November 2006 and July 2013.SettingSingle-center university hospital.ParticipantsTwo hundred nineteen consecutive intensive care unit patients.InterventionsVideo bronchoscopic percutaneous dilatational tracheostomies using different techniques, including Ciaglia Blue Rhino, PercuTwist, and Ciaglia BlueDolphin, were performed consecutively. During the procedure, the tracheal wall response to the routine external palpation was evaluated endoscopically to find the interanular space. An abnormal change in the tracheal ring shape (fingerprint) with anterior airway wall collapse was diagnosed as tracheal flaccidity.Measurements And Main ResultsTracheal ring fracture occurred in 21 patients (9.6%). The proportion of tracheal ruptures was 16 (76.2%) after PercuTwist, 3 (14.3%) after Ciaglia Blue Dolphin, and 2 (9.5%) after the Blue Rhino technique. Significant risk factors for tracheal rupture were PercuTwist procedure (p = 0.02), tracheal flaccidity (p = 0.0001), and a period of intubation before a percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy procedure>14 days (p = 0.01).ConclusionsIn addition to the PercuTwist technique and intubation>14 days before tracheostomy, tracheal flaccidity was a significant risk factor for tracheal ring fracture. In the presence of this finding, a less traumatic tracheostomy procedure should be applied.Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Inc.

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