• Cardiology clinics · Feb 2015

    Review

    Resistant hypertension: medical management and alternative therapies.

    • Hossein Ghofrani, Fred A Weaver, and Mitra K Nadim.
    • Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2020 Zonal Avenue, IRD 806, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
    • Cardiol Clin. 2015 Feb 1; 33 (1): 75-87.

    AbstractResistant hypertension affects 20% to 30% of patients with high blood pressure (BP). It is defined as failure to achieve goal BP despite using at least 3 antihypertensive drugs of different classes, at maximal tolerated doses, one of which must be a diuretic. Persistent suboptimal BP is the most common attributable risk for death worldwide and its prevalence will most likely increase over the next decade. We review the epidemiologic aspects and diagnostic challenges of resistant hypertension, barriers to achieving proper BP control, and causes of secondary hypertension. Lifestyle modification and pharmacologic and device approaches to treatment are discussed.Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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