• E A Hoste, D N Cruz, A Davenport, R L Mehta, P Piccinni, C Tetta, G Viscovo, and C Ronco.
• Intensive Care Unit, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium. Eric.Hoste@UGent.be
• Int J Artif Organs. 2008 Feb 1; 31 (2): 158-65.

PurposeTo describe current knowledge on the epidemiology of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) and to formulate recommendations for clinical practice and a research agenda.MethodsAfter a modified Delphi analysis by the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI), 4 questions on the epidemiology of CSA-AKI and recommendations for clinical practice and a research agenda were formulated and addressed.ResultsExisting studies on CSA-AKI use over 35 different definitions for CSA-AKI. In addition, there may be important differences in patient characteristics and procedures. This explains the significant variations in reported incidence. Most studies report on CSA-AKI as defined by the need for renal replacement therapy. However, even small decreases in kidney function are associated with a worsened outcome. The workgroup formulated the recommendation to use the AKIN consensus criteria for AKI. One should differentiate early CSA-AKI, caused by the procedure, and late CSA-AKI, associated with the procedure. There may be different clinical scenarios: acute on chronic CSA-AKI, AKI prior to CS, and AKI occurring post CS. Risk factors should be differentiated between pre-, intra-, and post-CS, and between patient-, process-, and procedure-related. Endpoints should include both short-term and long-term outcomes.ConclusionsExisting data on the epidemiology of CSA-AKI are difficult to compare due to variations in definition and patient cohort. A modified Delphi analysis resulted in a series of recommendations for future research on CSA-AKI.

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