• Christy Locke, Judy McEuen, Robert S Felder, Blake Lesselroth, Thomas W Barrett, Brent Stevens, and Diana S Pope.
• Portland Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Oregon, USA. christine.locke@va.gov
• Clin Nurse Spec. 2011 Sep 1; 25 (5): 237-43.

ObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to evaluate the adherence, safety, and effectiveness of a paper versus an electronic insulin infusion protocol.DesignThis quasi-experimental implementation study compared experimental and control groups using a nonrandomized prospective cohort design.SettingThe study was performed at 2 surgical units within a federal tertiary care teaching hospital.SampleFifty-eight registered nurses volunteered.MethodsWe compared time intervals using electronic time stamps from glucometers and insulin infusion devices to measure protocol adherence. We assessed perceived adherence using a nurse survey, and, to evaluate safety, we reviewed each paper protocol infusion calculation for correctness.FindingsMedian times from blood glucose acquisition to infusion rate adjustment did not differ significantly between groups (P = .215). The majority of infusions (96.6%) had glucose acquisition times within the acceptable range. Median values of time to next "glucose due" did not differ significantly (P = .88), and relative variation in median glucose reporting times did not differ significantly between groups (P = .16). Evaluation of 877 paper protocol entries demonstrated a 10.7% (n = 94) calculation error rate. Registered nurses within the electronic group reported greater ease in balancing workload when compared with paper protocol use (P = .03). Attitudes did not differ significantly between groups in areas of determining infusion adjustment, bolus insulin dose, next glucose due, ease of access, understanding protocol, or overall satisfaction.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that one can adhere to an insulin infusion protocol, regardless of the format (paper or electronic), in the medical-surgical setting. Our results suggest there are safety and nurse workload benefits when an electronic protocol was used.ImplicationsAdherence, safety, and effectiveness can be achieved when using insulin infusion in the medical-surgical setting.Copyright © 2011 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

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