• T Kano, O Shimoda, K Ezaki, K Hashiguchi, K Ashimura, T Satoh, K Okamoto, H Katsuya, J Takeshita, and H Terasaki.
• Masui. 1989 Jul 1; 38 (7): 932-40.

AbstractCardiopulmonary bypass (C-P bypass) was performed on two patients who had not responded to conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The first patient, a 56-y-o male, with bilateral pulmonary thromboembolism repeatedly underwent cardiac massage and electric defibrillation for recurrent ventricular fibrillation. A veno-arterial bypass route was prepared during cardiac massage, and bypass circulation was started 3 hours after the onset of the first ventricular fibrillation. Soon after the initiation of C-P bypass, the physical status and EEG of the patient improved. The patient regained consciousness within a few hours and later underwent open chest pulmonary embolectomy. The second patient, a 44-y-o male, developed refractory cardiogenic shock near the end of aortocoronary bypass graft operation. Under closed chest massage, a femoro-femoral cardiopulmonary bypass operation was started. Soon after the initiation of the bypass circulation and IABP, peripheral circulation improved markedly, and consciousness returned within several hours. Though the first patient finally died from far advanced pulmonary embolism, he was conscious as long as the C-P bypass was continued for two days. In the second patient, the cardiac function gradually improved after the 3rd day. C-P bypass was tapered and discontinued on the 5th day. Emergency veno-arterial bypass for CPR is effective means to maintain life until the cardiopulmonary and cerebral functions are restored. Recent advances in emergency C-P bypass are introduced and a new acronym extracorporeal lung and heart assist, ECLHA, is proposed. Emergency ECLHA with veno-arterial cannulations through percutaneous puncture will become a promising adjunct of cardiopulmonary-cerebral resuscitation in the near future.

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