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J Pain Symptom Manage · Apr 2001
ReviewOpioid poorly-responsive cancer pain. Part 3. Clinical strategies to improve opioid responsiveness.
- S Mercadante and R K Portenoy.
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit & Pain Relief and Palliative Care Unit, La Maddalena Cancer Center, Palermo, Italy.
- J Pain Symptom Manage. 2001 Apr 1; 21 (4): 338-54.
AbstractSome pain syndromes may be difficult to treat due to a poor response to opioids. This situation demands a range of alternative measures, including the use of adjuvant drugs with independent effects, such as antidepressants, sodium channel-blocking agents, steroids and anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); drugs that reduce opioid side effects; and drugs that enhance analgesia produced by opioids, such as N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists, calcium channel antagonists, and clonidine. Other approaches, including opioid trials, neural blockade when necessary, and psychological interventions, also may be useful.
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