• Marcos M Caseiro, Mark Nelson, Ricardo S Diaz, Joseph Gathe, Jose L de Andrade Neto, Jihad Slim, Antonio Solano, Eduardo M Netto, Carmen Mak, Junwa Shen, Wayne Greaves, Lisa M Dunkle, Regis A Vilchez, and Jennifer Zeinecker.
• Hospital Guilherme Alvaro, Santos, Brazil.
• J. Infect. 2012 Oct 1; 65 (4): 326-35.

BackgroundVicriviroc, a novel HIV CCR5 antagonist, demonstrated significant efficacy and favorable tolerability in phase II trials in treatment-experienced subjects, supporting further evaluation in phase III studies.MethodsTwo identical double-blind, placebo (PBO)-controlled trials in CCR5-tropic HIV-infected subjects with documented resistance to two antiretroviral classes were conducted. Subjects were randomized to vicriviroc 30 mg QD (N = 571) or PBO (N = 286) with open-label optimized background therapy (OBT) containing ≥2 fully active antiretroviral drugs. The primary endpoint was percentage of subjects with <50 copies/mL HIV RNA at 48 weeks. It was analyzed in a logistic regression with treatment (vicriviroc + OBT/PBO + OBT), use of enfuvirtide in baseline OBT (yes/no), and baseline HIV RNA (≤100,000/>100,000 copies/mL) as covariates. In addition, a pre-planned analysis to examine other efficacy and safety endpoints was conducted.ResultsBaseline characteristics of the pooled mITT population (vicriviroc, n = 486; PBO, n = 235) included mean HIV RNA of 4.6 log(10) copies/mL and mean CD4 count of 257 cells/μL. Approximately 60% of subjects received ≥3 active drugs in the OBT. The percentage of subjects with <50 copies/mL HIV RNA was not significantly different between vicriviroc and PBO at week 48 (64% vs 62%, p = 0.6). However, in subjects receiving ≤2 active drugs in their OBT, the proportion achieving <50 copies/mL HIV RNA was higher in those receiving vicriviroc compared with PBO (70% vs 55%, p = 0.02).ConclusionsThe studies failed to show significant efficacy gains when vicriviroc was added to OBT. However, given the efficacy results of earlier vicriviroc trials and other CCR5 antagonist, studies are needed to define the role of this class of drugs in the treatment of HIV. Clinical trial identifier: http://www.clinicaltrial.gov/: VICTOR-E3 (NCT00523211) and VICTOR-E4 (NCT00474370).Copyright © 2012 The British Infection Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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