• Maria L Castro Codesal, Robin Featherstone, Carmen Martinez Carrasco, Sherri L Katz, Elaine Y Chan, Glenda N Bendiak, Fernanda R Almeida, Rochelle Young, Deborah Olmstead, Karen A Waters, Collin Sullivan, Vicki Woolf, Lisa Hartling, and Joanna E MacLean.
• Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
• BMJ Open. 2015 Jan 1; 5 (8): e008697.

IntroductionNon-invasive ventilation (NIV) in children has become an increasingly common modality of breathing support where pressure support is delivered through a mask interface or less commonly through other non-invasive interfaces. At this time, NIV is considered a first-line option for ventilatory support of chronic respiratory insufficiency associated with a range of respiratory and sleep disorders. Previous reviews on the effectiveness, complications and adherence to NIV treatment have lacked systematic methods. The purpose of this scoping review is to provide an overview of the evidence for the use of long-term NIV in children.Methods And AnalysisWe will use previously established scoping methodology. Ten electronic databases will be searched to identify studies in children using NIV for longer than 3 months outside an intensive care setting. Grey literature search will include conference proceedings, thesis and dissertations, unpublished trials, reports from regulatory agencies and manufacturers. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts for inclusion, followed by full-text screening of potentially relevant articles to determine final inclusion. Data synthesis will be performed at three levels: (1) an analysis of the number, publication type, publication year, and country of publication of the studies; (2) a summary of the study designs, outcomes measures used; (3) a thematic analysis of included studies by subgroups.Ethics And DisseminationThis study will provide a wide and rigorous overview of the evidence on the use of long-term NIV in children and provide critical information for healthcare professionals and policymakers to better care for this group of children. We will disseminate our findings through conference proceedings and publications, and evaluate the results for further systematic reviews and meta-analyses.Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

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