• Cécile Rouzier, Annabelle Chaussenot, Valérie Serre, Konstantina Fragaki, Sylvie Bannwarth, Samira Ait-El-Mkadem, Shahram Attarian, Elsa Kaphan, Aline Cano, Emilien Delmont, Sabrina Sacconi, Bénédicte Mousson de Camaret, Marlène Rio, Anne-Sophie Lebre, Claude Jardel, Romain Deschamps, Christian Richelme, Jean Pouget, Brigitte Chabrol, and Véronique Paquis-Flucklinger.
• 1] Department of Medical Genetics, National Centre for Mitochondrial diseases, Nice Teaching Hospital, Nice, France [2] IRCAN, CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081/UNS, School of Medicine, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, Nice, France.
• Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 2014 Apr 1; 22 (4): 542-50.

AbstractPolymerase gamma (POLG) is the gene most commonly involved in mitochondrial disorders with mitochondrial DNA instability and causes a wide range of diseases with recessive or dominant transmission. More than 170 mutations have been reported. Most of them are missense mutations, although nonsense mutations, splice-site mutations, small deletions and insertions have also been identified. However, to date, only one large-scale rearrangement has been described in a child with Alpers syndrome. Below, we report a large cohort of 160 patients with clinical, molecular and/or biochemical presentation suggestive of POLG deficiency. Using sequencing, we identified POLG variants in 22 patients (18 kindreds) including five novel pathogenic mutations. Two patients with novel mutations had unusual clinical presentation: the first exhibited an isolated ataxic neuropathy and the second was a child who presented with endocrine signs. We completed the sequencing step by quantitative multiplex PCR of short fluorescent fragments (QMPSF) analysis in 37 patients with either only one POLG heterozygous variant or a family history suggesting a dominant transmission. We identified a large intragenic deletion encompassing part of intron 21 and exon 22 of POLG in a child with refractory epilepsia partialis continua. In conclusion, we describe the first large French cohort of patients with POLG mutations, expanding the wide clinical and molecular spectrum observed in POLG disease. We confirm that large deletions in the POLG gene are rare events and we highlight the importance of QMPSF in patients with a single heterozygous POLG mutation, particularly in severe infantile phenotypes.

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