• Hyochol Ahn, Cynthia Garvan, and Debra Lyon.
• Hyochol Ahn, PhD, ARNP, ANP-BC, is Assistant Professor, Department of Family, Community and Health System Science, College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville. Cynthia Garvan, PhD, is Research Associate, Professor, and Biostatistician, College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville. Debra Lyon, PhD, RN, FAAN, is Executive Associate, Dean/Endowed Chair, and Professor, Department of Adult and Elderly Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville.
• Nurs Res. 2015 Jul 1; 64 (4): 256-63.

BackgroundFew studies have examined the potential relationship between pain and aggressive behavioral symptoms in nursing home (NH) residents with dementia as a function of resident communicative status (ability to self-report pain).ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to examine the relationship between pain and aggression for residents who self-reported pain and for those whose pain was measured by staff evaluation of pain-related behaviors.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of the comprehensive data collected from January to March 2012 in the national Minimum Data Set (MDS) 3.0 of NH residents, aged 65 years or older, with dementia (N = 71,227). Pain was measured using the MDS Pain Assessment Interview for residents who could communicate or by staff evaluation using the MDS Pain Behavior Scale for residents who could not communicate. The relationship between pain and aggressive behavioral symptoms was estimated from logistic regression models after controlling for covariates (functional/cognitive impairments, pain medications, comorbidities, and sociodemographic variables).ResultsIn residents who could not communicate, pain was associated with both verbal and physical aggression (verbal aggression: adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.23, 95% CI [1.17, 1.29]; physical aggression: AOR = 1.20, 95% CI [1.14, 1.26]). In residents who could communicate, pain was associated with verbal aggression only (AOR = 1.12, 95% CI [1.04, 1.18]).DiscussionThe relationship between pain and aggressive behavioral symptoms varies according to the communicative status of NH residents and disproportionately affects those who cannot articulate their pain. Strategies for enhancing pain management in these residents are needed to adequately treat pain and reduce aggression.

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