• Iliana Harrysson, Louise Hull, Nick Sevdalis, Ara Darzi, and Rajesh Aggarwal.
• Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, QEQM Building, Praed Street, London W2 1NY, UK. Electronic address: ilianaj@stanford.edu.
• Am. J. Surg. 2014 May 1; 207 (5): 790-6.

BackgroundThe implementation of duty-hour restrictions and a heightened awareness of patient safety has changed resident education and training. A new focus has been placed on high-yield training programs and simulation training has naturally grown to fill this need.MethodsThis article discusses the development of a training framework, knowledge, skills, and attitudes, and the design of a surgical simulation curriculum. Five residents were recruited for a pilot study of the curriculum.ResultsA successful framework for curriculum development was implemented using laparoscopic cholecystectomy as the example. The curriculum consisted of classroom and virtual reality simulation training and was completed in 3.1 to 4.8 hours.ConclusionsThe current curricula that have been developed for surgical education cover the breadth of a surgical residency well. This curriculum went beyond these curricula and developed a structured framework for surgical training, a method that can be applied to any procedure.Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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