• H Löllgen, K E Klein, U Gebhardt, J Beier, J Hordinsky, V Sarrasch, H Borger, and H Just.
• Aviat Space Envir Md. 1986 May 1; 57 (5): 406-12.

AbstractCentral hemodynamics have been determined during stepwise decreasing LBP in head-down tilt (HDT) of -6 degrees. Measurements were performed on eight healthy volunteers using right heart catheterization. During LBNP, pressures in the right atrium, pulmonary artery, and pulmonary capillary (preload) decreased in parallel with the increase of negative pressure applied to the lower part of the body. Similarly, stroke volume and cardiac output decreased with increasing negative pressure. Heart rate moderately increased (30%) as well as total peripheral resistance. The left ventricular function curve was shifted downward and to the left during LBNP indicating hypovolemia with no evidence of decreased contractility. Cardiac dimensions determined by echocardiography changed in a similar way as those obtained by invasive measurements. There was a very close correlation between stroke volume determined by thermodilution and by echocardiography. Plasma norepinephrine and dopamine tended to increase at the end of LBNP. Echocardiography proved a useful and reliable approach to hemodynamic measurement during LBNP and is recommended for analysis of hemodynamic parameters during zero G and Gz simulation.

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